A patient with Fibromyalgia and Chronic Recurrent Multifocal Osteomyelitis: the importance of psychosomatic assessment.

Background: Many patients affected by FM present different comorbidities, but to date no case of FM in patients with CRMO has been reported in literature. Several studies show the importance of psychosomatic assessment in FM, but only one reported the presence of allostatic overload. Case presentation: In April 2022, a 21-year-old female patient, a third-year medical student, came to our clinic to be assessed and treated for FM. She presents with a diagnosis of CRMO made in 2014 and a diagnosis of FM made in 2019. Results: At the psychiatric evaluation she presented symptoms of anxiety, depression, insomnia and reported widespread pain with the presence of almost daily headaches. From the psychosomatic point of view using DCPR-revised she presented diagnostic criteria for allostatic overload, related to study and periodic flare-ups of painful symptoms due to CRMO, persistent somatization, with musculoskeletal and gastroenterological symptoms, demoralization and type A behaviour. Conclusion: This case shows how useful a psychosomatic assessment of the patient can be for offering insights into what stressors at the origin of allostatic overload may be present in different FM patients.

Gabriele Meyer-Enders und Gerd Lehmkuhl Kinder gestalten Narrative ­ erste Erfahrungen mit dem revidierten Sceno 2-Test / Children Create Narratives ­ First Experience with the Revised Sceno-2 Test.

Children Create Narratives - First Experience with the Revised Sceno-2 Test The Sceno Test, created by Gerthild von Staabs, has been in use and has been useful in its original version for more than 80 years. It has now undergone a major revision.The test will retain its relevance as a projective diagnostic procedure offering children and juveniles opportunities to design scenes and to voice narratives coming along with them. It can serve as an instrument encompassing all therapeutic approaches to explore infantile wishes, perceptions, and interpretations and can provide, as intended by Gerthild von Staabs, indications of family dynamics.The revision of the test will be discussed at great length.

The Psychosomatic Traits of "People with the Five Elements in Traditional Chinese Medicine": A Qualitative Study.

Objective: To identify the representative attributes of the five elements of a person with a qualitative methodology and provide the basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of "people with the five elements in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)." Methods: Data collected from the literature review, two sessions of brainstorming of experts with related experience in "people with the five elements in TCM" from October 2020 to December 2020, and six rounds of in-depth interviews with 30 participants who had various attributes of the five elements from March 2021 to October 2021 were analyzed. Triangulation was used in this study, and theming and synthesizing were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 31 experts and 30 interviewees participated in this study. The median age of the experts and interviewees were 48.0 and 38.5 years, respectively; 51.66% and 54.8% of experts and interviewees, respectively, were men. The descriptors of facial diagrams of "people with the five elements in TCM" were complexion, shape, distribution state of facial bones, convergence trend of facial muscles, and facial expression. A theoretical model of "people with the five elements in TCM" was shaped based on these findings. Conclusion: The study suggests a possibility for bridging the gap between personality and bodily state, identifying an avenue for personality research from the perspective of TCM.

Evaluating the Coping Behavior of Children with Psychosomatic Disorders under Frustrating Situations Simulated Using the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration Study.

Psychosomatic disorders are influenced by psychosocial factors such as interpersonal relationships. Coping behaviors, especially in frustrating situations, reflect a patient's ability to cope with stress, and it is important to assess these behaviors for the treatment of psychosomatic diseases. This study aimed to clarify the interpersonal relationships and coping behaviors of pediatric patients with psychosomatic diseases during frustrating situations simulated using the Rosenzweig Picture-Frustration study. This retrospective study included 126 patients (41 male, 85 female) with an average age of 12.9 (6-16) years who were consulted at the Department of Pediatric Psychosomatic Medicine at Okayama University Hospital from 2013 to 2018 and underwent the P-F study. Each score was compared with a standardization sample. The mean group conformity rating did not differ significantly between the participants and healthy children. Compared with healthy children, those with psychosomatic diseases were less likely to explain their perspective. The children with psychosomatic disorders responded to frustrating situations in a sensible and age-appropriate manner. However, they were less likely to respond by explaining their perspective to protect themselves.

Temporal Stability of the Zulliger Test in Brazilian Adults / Estabilidade Temporal do Teste de Zulliger em Adultos Brasileiros / Estabilidad Temporal del Test de Zulliger en Adultos Brasileños

Abstract The reliability of a test obtained over time is an indispensable measure to ensure the use of the instrument. This study aims to explore the temporal stability of the Zulliger test in Brazilian adults. A total of 20 participants, aged 18 to 59 years, answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Zulliger in Comprehensive System (ZCS). Data collection took place from 2009 to 2019 (Test) and in 2021 (Retest). ANOVA did not show differences between the values of 90 (99%) ZCS variables analyzed between test and retest; 68% of the variables showed agreement between 0.40 and 1.00, and 18%. Reflex responses; human movement, animal movement; weighted sum of color responses; sum of animal+inanimate movements; mixed determinants; art and clouds contents; Responses to card I; felt stimulation; cooperative movement; sum of critical special codes; degree of control and stress tolerance denoted high and excellent stability levels intraclass correlation coeficiente (ICC≥0,70). The ZCS demonstrates temporal stability, reliability, and psychometric properties that support its safe use.

Resumo A fidedignidade de um teste obtida ao longo do tempo é uma medida indispensável para assegurar o uso dos instrumentos. Este estudo teve por objetivo explorar a estabilidade temporal do teste de Zulliger em adultos brasileiros. Vinte participantes, entre 18 e 59 anos de idade, responderam formulário de dados sociodemográficos e o Zulliger no Sistema Compreensivo (ZSC). A coleta de dados ocorreu de 2009 a 2019 (teste) e em 2021 (reteste). A ANOVA não mostrou diferenças entre os valores de 90 (99%) variáveis do ZSC analisadas entre o teste e reteste; 68% das variáveis apresentaram concordância entre 0,40 e 1,00 e 18%. Respostas reflexo; movimento humano, movimento animal; soma de cor ponderada; soma de movimentos animal+inanimado; determinantes mistos; conteúdos Arte e nuvem; Respostas para cartão I, estimulação sentida; movimento cooperativo; soma códigos especiais críticos; grau de controle e tolerância ao estresse denotaram níveis de estabilidade alto e excelente Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC≥0,70). O ZSC demonstra estabilidade temporal, confiabilidade e propriedades psicométricas que respaldam o seu uso com segurança.

Resumen La confiabilidad de una prueba realizada a lo largo del tempo es una medida necesaria para asegurar el uso del instrumento. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la estabilidad temporal de la prueba de Zulliger en adultos brasileños. Veinte participantes, con edades entre 18 y 59 años, respondieron un formulario de datos sociodemográficos y el Zulliger en el Sistema Comprensivo (ZSC). La recolección de datos tuvo lugar de 2009 a 2019 (test) y en 2021 (retest). ANOVA no mostró diferencias entre los valores de 90 (99%) variables ZSC analizadas entre test y retest; El 68% de las variables mostró acuerdo entre 0,40 y 1,00, y 18%. Respuestas reflejo; respuestas de movimiento humano y animal, suma ponderada de color, suma de movimiento animal+inanimado; determinantes mixtos; Arte y contenido en la nube; Respuestas a la Tarjeta I; estimulación sentida; movimiento cooperativo; suma códigos especiales críticos; grado de control y tolerancia al estrés denotaron niveles de estabilidad altos y excelentes Coeficiente de correlación intraclase (ICC≥0,70). El ZSC demuestra estabilidad temporal, confiabilidad y propiedades psicométricas que respaldan su uso seguro.

The House-Tree-Person test is not valid for the prediction of mental health: An empirical study using deep neural networks.

As one of the projective drawing techniques, the House-Tree-Person test (HTP) has been widely used in psychological counseling. However, its validity in diagnosing mental health problems remains controversial. Here, we adopted two approaches to examine the validity of HTP in diagnosing mental health problems objectively. First, we summarized the diagnostic features reported in previous HTP studies and found no reliable association between the existing HTP indicators and mental health problems studied. Next, after obtaining HTP drawings and depression scores from 4196 Chinese children and adolescents (1890 females), we used the Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to explore implicit features from entire HTP drawings that might have been missed in previous studies. We found that although the DNNs successfully learned to extract critical features of houses, trees, and persons in HTP drawings for object classification, it failed to classify the drawings of depressive individuals from those of non-depressive individuals. Taken together, our study casts doubts on the validity of the HTP in diagnosing mental health problems, and provides a practical paradigm of examining the validity of projective tests with deep learning.

Psicopatologias atuais e traumatofilias: Libido Intrassomática detectada em avaliação psicológica da personalidade na análise do discurso e protocolos de testes projetivos atualizados / Psicopatologías actuales y traumatofilias: Libido Intrasomática detectada en evaluación psicológica de personalidad en análisis del discurso y protocolos de tests proyectivos actualizados / Current psychopathologies and traumatophilias: intrasomatic libido detected in psychological assessment of personality in discourse analysis and updated projective testing protocols

A avaliação psicológica no Brasil é regida por Instruções Normativas e Resoluções que indicam as características de personalidade necessárias ou impeditivas para diversas áreas laborais, educacionais e sociais. Postulada por Maldavsky, a Libido Intrassomática (LI) é uma fase libidinal onde são originárias as patologias atuais (Patologias do Desvalimento). A LI pode ser detectada no discurso do sujeito e também em testes como o Z-Teste (Burani, 2020 e 2022) e Questionário Desiderativo -QD (Sneiderman, 2012) de acordo com novos aportes teóricos. Objetivo:O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a Libido Intrassomática detectada em Avaliação Psicológica da personalidade na análise do discurso e protocolos de testes projetivos atualizados, mediante a aplicação do Z-Teste e Questionário Desiderativo e do discurso do avaliado. Material y Métodos:Analisamos 211 protocolos de QD e Z-Teste, e dados de saúde obtidos ementrevista, de homens com idades entre 30 e 60 anos avaliados para uso de armas. Esta pesquisa foi aprovada na Plataforma Brasil, CAAE: 42474920.4.0000.0123 e integra a tese do autor. Resultados:As análises dos protocolos indicaram quais as erogeneidades predominantes nas respostas: LI apareceu em 15% das respostas do Z-teste e em 13% das respostas do QDcatexias positivas e 37% das respostas de QD catexias negativas. Vinculamos esta frequência aos dados de saúde dos avaliados mediante seu discurso, indicando a presença de hipertensão, diabetes, problemas respiratórios, alergias entre outras as patologias atuais de desvalimento, e em na maioria dos casos em adicções etraumatologias ou tendência a acidentes. Conclusões:A detecção de erogeneidades em respostas de testes projetivos permite não só melhor avaliação de características da personalidade, mas a detecção patologias atuais de desvalimento. A presença de LI em avaliação psicológica para o uso de armas de fogo, indica a necessidade de estudos mais profundos quanto às patologias atuais do desvalimento, sobretudo para esta população AU

La evaluación psicológica en Brasil se rige por Instrucciones Normativas y Resoluciones que señalan las características de personalidad necesarias u obstaculizantes para diversas áreas laborales, educativas y sociales. Postulada por Maldavsky, la Libido Intrasomática (LI) es una fase libidinal donde se originan las patologías actuales (Patologías del Desvalimiento). LI se puede detectar en el habla del sujeto y también en pruebas como el Z-Test (Burani, 2020 y 2022) y el Cuestionario Desiderativo -CD (Sneiderman, 2012) según nuevos aportes teóricos. Objetivo:El objetivo de este artículo es presentar la Libido Intrasomática detectada en Evaluación Psicológica de la personalidad en el análisis del habla y protocolos actualizados de pruebas proyectivas, mediante la aplicación del Z-Test y Cuestionario Desiderativo y el habla evaluada. Material y Métodos:Se analizaron 211 protocolos QD y Z-Test, y datos de salud obtenidos en entrevistas, de hombres de entre 30 y 60 años evaluados por uso de armas. Esta investigación fue aprobada por Plataforma Brasil, CAAE: 42474920.4.0000.0123 y es parte de la tesis del autor. Resultados: El análisis de los protocolos indicó qué erogeneidades predominaron en las respuestas: LI apareció en el 15% de lasrespuestas de la prueba Z y en el 13% de las respuestas QD catexias positivas y 37% de las respostas de QD catexias negativas. Vinculamos esta frecuencia a los datos de salud de los evaluados a través de su discurso, indicando la presencia de hipertensión arterial, diabetes, problemas respiratorios, alergias entre otras patologías actuales de desamparo, y en la mayoría de los casos en adicciones y tendencia a accidentes. Conclusiones: La detección de erogeneidades en las respuestas de los test proyectivos permite no solo una mejor valoración de las características de personalidad, sino también la detección de patologías de desvalimento y patologias actuales. La presencia de LI en la valoración psicológica para el uso de armas de fuego indica la necesidad de profundizar en los estudios sobre las patologías actuales y desvalimiento, especialmente para esta población AU

Psychological assessment in Brazil is governed by Normative Instructions and Resolutions that indicate the necessary or impeding personality characteristics for various work, educational and social areas. Postulated by Maldavsky, Intrasomatic Libido (LI) is a libidinal phase where current pathologies originate (Pathologies of Helplessness). LI can be detected in the subject's speech and also in tests such as the Z-Test (Burani, 2020 and 2022) and the Desiderative Questionnaire -QD (Sneiderman, 2012) according to new theoretical contributions. Objective: The objective of this article is to present the Intrasomatic Libido detected in Psychological Assessment of the personality in the analysis of the speech and updated projective test protocols, through the application of the Z-Test and Desiderative Questionnaire and the evaluated speech.Material and Methods: We analyzed 211 QD and Z-Test protocols, and health data obtained in interviews, from men aged between 30 and 60 years evaluated for use of weapons. This research was approved by Plataforma Brasil, CAAE: 42474920.4.0000.0123 and is part of the author's thesis. Results: Analysis of the protocols indicated which erogeneities were predominant in the responses: LI appeared in 15% of the Z-test responses and in 13% of the QD responses. We linked this frequency to the health data of those evaluated through their speech, indicating the presence of hypertension, diabetes, respiratory problems, allergies among other current pathologies of helplessness, and in most cases in addictions and tendency to accidents. Conclusions: The detection of erogeneities in projective test responses allows not only a better assessment of personality characteristics, but also the detection of current helplessness pathologies. The presence of LI in psychological assessment for the use of firearms indicates the need for deeper studies regarding the current pathologies of helplessness, especially for this population AU

Child sexual violence: interpersonal relationship and self-image evaluated by Zulliger R-Optimized Application / Violência sexual infantil: relacionamento interpessoal e autoimagem avaliados pelo Zulliger Aplicação R-Otimizada / Violencia sexual infantil: relaciones interpersonales y autoimagen evaluadas por Zulliger Aplicación R-Optimizada

This study aimed to verify the validity of Zulliger criteria in the evaluation of interpersonal relationships and self-image of children victims of sexual violence. Population: 42 children between 7 and 13 years old participated, divided into three groups: 19 Victims of sexual violence (G1); 10 Cancer patients (G2); 13 Control group (G3). Instruments: Zulliger in the Comprehensive System (ZSC) R-Optimized application; Personality Scale for Children (ETPC, EPQ-J); Social Skills Inventory for Children (SSRS); Intelligence Test (CPM-Raven). G1, when compared to other groups, showed more tendency to problematic or less adaptive understanding of interpersonal interactions [p < 0.05 in PHR, GHR and p (ZSC); Psychosis (ETPC, EPQ-J); EG and F2 (SSRS)], more self-critical and negative self-image [p < 0.05 in MOR (ZSC)] and increased traumatic content [p < 0.05 in Bl (ZSC)]. The ZSC demonstrated preliminary evidence of validity in the evaluation of Interpersonal Relationship and Self-image of victims of child sexual violence. (AU)

Esse estudo objetivou verificar evidências de validade do Zulliger na avaliação de relacionamento interpessoal e autoimagem de crianças vítimas de violência sexual. Participaram 42 crianças entre 7 e 13 anos, divididas em três grupos: 19 vítimas de violência sexual (G1); 10 pacientes com câncer (G2); 13 grupo-controle (G3). Foram utilizados como instrumentos o Zulliger no Sistema Compreensivo (ZSC) aplicação R-Otimizada, Escala de Personalidade para Crianças (ETPC, EPQ-J), Inventário de Habilidades Sociais para Crianças (SSRS), Teste de Inteligência (CPM-Raven). O G1, quando comparado aos outros grupos, mostrou-se com mais tendência a compreensão problemática ou menos adaptativa das interações interpessoais [p < 0,05 em PHR, GHR e p (ZSC); Psicotismo (ETPC, EPQ-J); EG e F2 (SSRS)], mais autocríticas e autoimagem negativas [p < 0,05 em MOR (ZSC)] e aumento de conteúdos traumáticos [p < 0,05 em Bl (ZSC)]. O ZSC demonstrou evidências preliminares de validade na avaliação de Relacionamento Interpessoal e Autoimagem de vítimas de violência sexual infantil. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar evidencias de validez de Zulliger en la evaluación de las relaciones interpersonales y la autoimagen de los niños víctimas de violencia sexual. Participaron 42 niños entre 7 y 13 años: 19 Víctimas de violencia sexual (G1); 10 pacientes con cáncer (G2); 13 Grupo de control (G3). Los instrumentos utilizados: Zulliger en el Sistema Comprensivo (ZSC) aplicación R-Optimizada; Escala de personalidad para niños (ETPC, EPQ-J); Inventario de Habilidades Sociales para Niños (SSRS); Test de Inteligencia (CPM-Raven). En comparación con otros grupos, G1 tuvo más probabilidades de una comprensión problemática o menos adaptativa de las interacciones interpersonales [p<0,05 en PHR, GHR y p (ZSC); Psicotismo (ETPC, EPQ-J); EG y F2 (SSRS)], más autocrítica y autoimagen negativa [p<0.05 en MOR (ZSC)] y mayor contenido traumático [p<0.05 en Bl (ZSC)]. El ZSC demostró evidencias preliminares de validez en la evaluación de la Relación Interpersonal y la Autoimagen de las víctimas de violencia sexual infantil. (AU)

More than words! A narrative review of the use of the projective technique of word association in the studies of food consumer behavior: Methodological and theoretical implications.

Word association (WA) is a projective and powerful technique that consists of the spontaneous generation of words from specific stimuli. This technique is used in sociology and psychology studies; however, in the Consumer and Food Science area has gained importance since it allows to explore beliefs, expectations, or attitudes in the context of food consumption behavior. The aim of this work is to present a current status on the use of this technique in the studies of food consumption behavior. A narrative review of the literature was carried out with articles published in four databases: ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, Emerald Insight, and Taylor & Francis. Seventy-four articles that show the use of the WA technique in different cultures were selected. WA technique has been applied in different countries, however, it has been primarily used in Latin America. WA has been applied mainly to decipher consumers' perceptions towards different aspects of food, although some works show that WA serves to understand beliefs, expectations, impressions, attitudes, and even to conceptualize different categories of food from the language of consumers. Some theoretical and methodological implications are discussed regarding the use and application of this projective technique.

Impact of food choice and consumption profile on the perception of food coloring on kefir labels: Insights of the projective technique of Product Personality Profiling.

As consumer awareness of food expands, as does the understanding of the correlation between nutrition and health benefits, consumers are increasingly looking for healthier foods. One of these aspects can be observed in the search for foods with clean labels and with the removal/replacement of artificial additives, such as coloring. However, there are still no studies on the perception of foods with a positive reputation, such as fermented dairy. The present work aimed to evaluate the consumers' perception (n = 121) of kefir labels with the addition of food dyes from different origins (KN = natural kefir / no dye; KCA = kefir added with artificial coloring; KCN = kefir added with natural coloring; KCR = kefir added with coloring from fruit residues), associating data obtained through Product Personality Profile (PPP) and the Food Choice Questionnaire (FCQ). Based on FCQ's data, consumers were subdivided into three distinct clusters with specific profiles - Conscious, Balanced, and Flexible - and had their perceptions of each of the kefir labels described by PPP and Multidimensional Alignment Analysis (MDA). By consensus, the groups associated the KN label with individuals concerned about healthy eating and diets, reaffirming the positive commercial positioning of kefir. At the same time, for KCA, a contrasting association was observed. The Conscious group noted the samples better, emphasizing the correlation of KCR (with added fruit residue dye) with an adult female, married and engaged in physical activity. KCN was correlated with a young, single, student and gym or running target group stands out for the Balanced group. The Flexible one also associated the consumption of KCA with a young audience, ranging from athletic to overweight, with a normal to unbalanced diet. In summary, different impacts on the perception of kefir labels could be elicited with the correlation of FCQ, PPP, and MDA, emphasizing the importance of exploring market segments and design strategies for the target audience.

[Thematic Apperception Test for Adolescents (TAT-A) - an Explorative Study]. / Thematischer Apperzeptions-Test für Jugendliche (TAT-J) ­ eine explorative Studie.

Projective methods have lost significance in child and adolescent psychiatric diagnostics. These methods allow access to important emotional and conflictual topics that can only be determined to a limited extent via diagnostic discussions and questionnaires. The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT-A) has been updated for use in adolescents. For this purpose, special image templates with new motifs were developed, which were redrawn photorealistically in color to increase ambiguity and stimulate imagination. To check the thematic valences, the panels were presented to 184 schoolgirls in Seoul, South Korea, for assessment. The practical suitability and acceptance of the image templates were evaluated on a small clinical German sample (N = 13), and the valences in terms of content were determined by two raters. The results clarify that photorealistic color representation is an appropriate method for this new concept of TAT. In particular, "empty" panels with landscape views initiate meaningful narratives, thereby enabling access to personal topics.

Therapeutic assessment as an interventional model of psychological evaluation: case study / Avaliação terapêutica como um modelo interventivo de avaliação psicológica: estudo de caso / La evaluación terapéutica como modelo intervencionista de evaluación psicológica: estudio de caso

Therapeutic Assessment is a model of psychological evaluation that adopts a collaborative approach and a semi-structured systematization to the extent that it has well-defined steps. Considering its intervention nature, Therapeutic Assessment seeks to bring about positive changes in the lives of clients and/or people close to them. The present study aimed to evaluate how the Therapeutic Assessment process presented therapeutic consequences, using the case study as a research method. The description of the results was based on the assistance of a client using the Therapeutic Assessment model. The findings corroborate the hypotheses related to the therapeutic benefits of the Therapeutic Assessment, providing the clients with increased self-knowledge and self-reflection and changes in the way they deal with difficult situations. We conclude that more research on Therapeutic Assessment should be developed to verify other possible benefits of the model. (Au)

A Avaliação Terapêutica é um modelo de avaliação psicológica que adota uma abordagem colaborativa e uma sistematização semiestruturada na medida em que possui etapas bem definidas. Considerando seu caráter interventivo, a Avaliação Terapêutica busca proporcionar mudanças positivas na vida dos clientes e/ou de pessoas próximas a ele. O presente estudo objetivou avaliar de que maneira o processo de Avaliação Terapêutica apresentou consequências terapêuticas, utilizando-se o estudo de caso como método de investigação. A descrição dos resultados orientou-se por meio do atendimento de uma cliente utilizando o modelo de Avaliação Terapêutica. Os achados corroboram com as hipóteses relacionadas aos benefícios terapêuticos da Avaliação Terapêutica, possibilitando à cliente aumento do autoconhecimento e da autorreflexão e mudanças na sua maneira de lidar com situações difíceis. Conclui-se que mais pesquisas sobre Avaliação Terapêutica devem ser desenvolvidas para se verificar outros possíveis benefícios do modelo. (AU)

La Evaluación Terapéutica es un modelo de evaluación psicológica que adopta un enfoque colaborativo y una sistematización semiestructura, visto que cuenta con etapas bien definidas. Considerando su carácter intervencionista, la Evaluación Terapéutica busca proporcionar cambios positivos en la vida de los clientes y/o de personas cercanas a él. El presente estudio objetivó evaluar de qué manera el proceso de Evaluación Terapéutica presenta consecuencias terapéuticas, utilizando el estudio de caso como método de investigación. La descripción de los resultados se orientó por la atención de una cliente, utilizando el modelo de Evaluación Terapéutica. Los hallazgos corroboran con las hipótesis relacionadas con los beneficios terapéuticos de la Evaluación Terapéutica, posibilitando al cliente el aumento del autoconocimiento, de la autorreflexión y cambios en su manera de lidiar con situaciones difíciles. Se concluye que se deben desarrollar más investigaciones sobre Evaluación Terapéutica para verificar otros posibles beneficios del modelo. (AU)

Validity of Zulliger-SC in the cognitive assessment of elderly and long-lived adults / Validade do Zulliger-SC na avaliação cognitiva de adultos idosos e longevos / Validez de Zulliger-SC en la evaluación cognitiva de adultos mayores y longevos

This study sought evidence of validity of the Zulliger method to evaluate cognitive processes in elderly and long-lived adults and to verify the relationship between cognition and external variables. Participated 142 subjects, aged between 18 and 96 years old. The Zulliger Comprehensive System (ZSC), Mini-Mental State Examination and sociodemographic protocols were used as of data collection. The older and long-lived adults presented a significant decrease in mediation (X-%, XA%, P) and abstract reasoning (M) when compared to young and middle-aged adults. Education and socioeconomic status (SES) demonstrated significant and positive correlations with cognitive processes (R, ZF, W, M, DQ+ and Intellectualization). The findings are fundamental to psychological practice and to directing measures for cognitive preservation in human aging. (AU)

Esse estudo buscou evidências de validade do método de Zulliger para avaliar processos cognitivos em adultos idosos e longevos e verificar a relação entre cognição e variáveis externas. Participaram 142 indivíduos, com idades entre 18 e 96 anos. Utilizaram-se para a coleta de dados: Zulliger no Sistema Compreensivo (ZSC), Miniexame de Estado Mental e protocolo sociodemográfico. Adultos mais velhos e longevos apresentaram diminuição significativa na mediação (X-%, XA%, P) e raciocínio abstrato (M), comparados aos adultos jovens e de meia idade. A educação e o nível socioeconômico (NSE) demonstraram correlações positivas e significativas com processos cognitivos (R, ZF, W, M, DQ+ e Intelectualização). Os achados são fundamentais na prática psicológica e para direcionar medidas na preservação cognitiva no envelhecimento humano. (AU)

El presente estudio buscó evidencias de validez del método de Zulliger para evaluar procesos cognitivos en ancianos y longevos y para verificar la relación entre la cognición y las variables externas. Participaron 142 individuos con edades entre 18 y 96 años. Se utilizaron como instrumentos: Zulliger en el Sistema Comprensivo (ZSC), Mini Examen del Estado Mental y protocolos sociodemográficos. Ancianos y longevos presentaron una disminución significativa en la mediación (X-%, XA%, P) y el razonamiento abstracto (M) en comparación con los adultos jóvenes y de mediana edad. La educación y el nivel socioeconómico (NSE) demostraron correlaciones positivas y significativas con los procesos cognitivos (R, ZF, W, M, DQ+ e Intelectualización). Los hallazgos son fundamentales para la práctica psicológica y para dirigir medidas para la preservación cognitiva en el envejecimiento humano. (AU)

Evidências de validade dos indicadores emocionais no Desenho da Figura Humana / Validity evidence of the emotional indicators in Human Figure Drawing / Evidencias de validez de los indicadores emocionales en el Diseño de la Figura Humana

O desenho da figura humana (DFH) é um instrumento amplamente utilizado na avaliação psicológica. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar as evidências de validade dos indicadores emocionais no DFH pelo Sistema de Triagem Emocional (STE). A amostra foi composta por 310 crianças, divididas em grupo regular com 173 crianças, grupo regular com indicadores com 55 crianças e grupo clínico com 82 crianças. Foram utilizados o STE, a Escala Multidimensional de Satisfação de Vida para crianças e de Afeto positivo e negativo. Os resultados demonstraram diferenças significativas para grupos nos indicadores emocionais pelo STE (F = 12,140; p ≤ 0,01). Houve correlações negativas (p < 0,01) do STE com a Escala Multidimensional de Satisfação de Vida na dimensão do Self, porém não significativas com a Escala de Afetos. Conclui-se sobre as evidências de validade do STE para avaliar os indicadores emocionais no DFH e distinguir crianças que necessitam de atendimento antes do agravamento dos problemas. (AU)

Human figure drawing (HFD) is an instrument widely used in psychological assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the evidence of validity of emotional indicators in HFD through the Emotional Screening System (ESS). The sample consisted of 310 children, divided into a regular group containing 173 children, a regular group with indicators containing 55 children and a clinical group containing 82 children. The ESS, the Multidimensional Life Satisfaction Scale for children and the Positive and negative affect scale, were used. The results showed significant differences for groups in the emotional indicators of the ESS (F=12.140; p≤.01). There were negative correlations (p<.01) of the ESS with the Multidimensional Scale of Life Satisfaction in the dimension of the Self, but not significant with the Scale of Affections. There was evidence of validity of the ESS to assess the emotional indicators in HFD and to distinguish children who need care before the problems worsen. (AU)

El dibujo de la figura humana (DFH) es un instrumento frecuentemente utilizado en la evaluación psicológica. El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar las evidencias de validez de los indicadores emocionales en DFH por el Sistema de Triaje Emocional (STE). La muestra estuvo conformada por 310 niños, divididos en: un grupo regular con 173 niños, un grupo regular con indicadores con 55 niños y un grupo clínico con 82 niños. Se utilizó el STE, la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida Multidimensional para niños y de Afecto positivo y negativo. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas para los grupos en los indicadores emocionales por STE (F = 12.140; p ≤ 0.01). Hubo correlaciones negativas (p < 0.01) del STE con la Escala Multidimensional de Satisfacción con la Vida en la dimensión del Self, pero no significativas con la Escala de Afectos. Se concluye sobre las evidencias de validez del STE para evaluar los indicadores emocionales en el DFH y distinguir a los niños que necesitan cuidados antes de que los problemas se agraven. (AU)

The clinical utility of a comprehensive psychosomatic assessment in the program for colorectal cancer prevention: a cross-sectional study.

Few studies have investigated psychosocial characteristics and lifestyle behaviors of participants at programs for secondary prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed, through a comprehensive psychosomatic assessment based on clinimetric principles, to evaluate psychosocial characteristics and lifestyle behaviors in participants at CRC secondary prevention program, and to investigate the associations between these variables and endoscopic outcomes. In this cross-sectional study, the first 150 consecutive asymptomatic participants at the CRC prevention program who resulted positive to fecal occult blood test (FOBT) and were thus referred to colonoscopy, underwent a psychosomatic assessment including psychiatric diagnoses (DSM-5), psychosomatic syndromes (DCPR-R), psychological distress, psychological well-being and lifestyle behaviors. Whereas only 5.3% of the sample showed at least one DSM-5 diagnosis, 51.3% showed at least one DCPR syndrome, such as allostatic overload, alexithymia, Type A behavior, and demoralization. Patients affected by psychosomatic syndromes presented with significantly higher psychological distress, lower psychological well-being and unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, such as tobacco smoking and unhealthy diet, in comparison with patients without DCPR syndromes. Among endoscopic outcomes, the presence of adenomas was significantly associated with DCPR irritable mood. In a clinical context of secondary prevention addressing asymptomatic patients with positive FOBT, a comprehensive psychosomatic assessment may provide relevant clinical information for those patients who present certain psychosomatic syndromes associated with high psychological distress, impaired psychological well-being, unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and colorectal precancerous lesions. The results of the present study indicate a road to the practice of "preventive" medicine at CRC screening program.

Simulação de esquizofrenia no Teste de Rorschach (R-PAS) / Schizophrenia simulation in the Rorschach Test (R-PAS) / Simulación de esquizofrenia en el Teste Rorschach (R-PAS)

Este trabalho teve como objetivo comparar o desempenho no Teste de Rorschach (R-PAS), de pessoas instruídas sobre os sintomas da esquizofrenia e solicitadas a responder ao Rorschach, tentando se passar por um paciente com esse diagnóstico (n = 40), com o de pacientes diagnosticados com esquizofrenia (n = 35). Os participantes responderam ao Teste de Rorschach (R-PAS), a Magical Ideation Scale (MIS) e ao Inventory of Problems-29 (IOP-29) tentando simular esquizofrenia. Os resultados das comparações entre os grupos evidenciaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas para as variáveis (Hd), An, FQo, FQu, FQ-, P, M, PEC, WSumCog, MAH, GHR e Complexity. Encontrou-se também associação positiva e de forte magnitude entre os escores obtidos no IOP-29 e os escores brutos da MIS (r = 0,73, p = 0,0001). Os achados evidenciaram que, mesmo diante das tentativas de distorção das respostas ao teste, simuladores não conseguem distanciar da própria precisão perceptiva. (AU)

This study compared the performance in the Rorschach Test (R-PAS) of people informed about the symptoms of schizophrenia and asked to respond to the Rorschach trying to impersonate a patient with this diagnosis (n = 40) with that of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia (n = 35). Participants responded to the Rorschach Test (R-PAS), the Magical Ideation Scale (MIS) and the Inventory of Problems-29 (IOP-29) trying to simulate schizophrenia. The results of the comparisons between the groups showed statistically significant differences for the variables (Hd), An, FQo, CFQ, CF-, P, M, PEC, WSumCog, MAH, GHR and Complexity. A positive and strong association was also found between the scores obtained in the IOP-29 and the gross scores of the MIS (r=.73, p=.0001). The findings show that even faced with attempts to distort the responses to the test, simulators cannot distance themselves from their perceptual accuracy. (AU)

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar el rendimiento en el Test de Rorschach (R-PAS) de personas educadas sobre los síntomas de la esquizofrenia y solicitadas a responder al Rorschach, tratando de pasar por un paciente con este diagnóstico (n = 40) con el de los pacientes diagnosticados con esquizofrenia (n = 35). Los participantes respondieron al Test de Rorschach (R-PAS), a la Magical Ideation Scale (MIS) y al Inventory of Problems-29 (IOP-29) intentando simular la esquizofrenia. Los resultados de las comparaciones entre los grupos mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas para las variables (Hd), An, FQo, CFQ, CF-, P, M, PEC, WSumCog, MAH, GHR y Complexity. También se encontró una asociación de magnitud positiva y fuerte entre los scores obtenidos en la IOP-29 y los scores brutos del MIS (r = 0,73, p = 0,0001). Los hallazgos muestran que, incluso frente a los intentos de distorsionar las respuestas del test, los simuladores no son capaces de distanciarse de su precisión perceptiva. (AU)

Rorschach e residência médica: estudo prospectivo com residentes de ortopedia e traumatologia / Rorschach and medical residency: prospective study with orthopedic and traumatology residents / Rorschach y residencia médica: estudio prospectivo con los residentes de ortopedia y traumatología

Identificar e comparar ao longo do período de residência de ortopedia a presença de dificuldades emocionais nos profissionais em treinamento. MÉTODO: estudo prospectivo composto por 13 residentes homens, média de idade de 26 anos. Foi utilizado o Método de Rorschach (SC) aplicado no 1º mês do R1 (T0), no 12º mês do R1 (T2) e no 9º mês do R3 (T3) RESULTADOS: elevada quantidade de respostas MOR em T0, que diminuiu acentuadamente ao longo do tempo (T3). Com relação as variáveis FD S, ambas apresentaram mínima diminuição de T0 para T3, contudo, mostraram-se aumentadas expressivamente em T2. Os residentes iniciam o R1 apresentando componentes autodepreciativos, que se dissipam ao longo do tempo e mantêm as características de autocobrança e autoinspeção. CONCLUSÃO: a residência médica não se apresenta deletéria, contudo, pode ser fonte potencializadora de vulnerabilidades emocionais principalmente durante o primeiro ano devido à inexperiência, ritmo e intensidade da tarefa médica. (AU)

The aim was to identify and compare the presence of emotional difficulties during the orthopedic residency period of professional medical training. This prospective study included 13 male residents, with a mean age of 26 years. The Rorschach (SC) instrument was applied in the 1st month of R1 (T0), after 12 months of R1 (T2) and after 9 months of R3 (T3). There were high amounts of MOR responses at T0, which decreased markedly over time (T3). The FD and S variables showed a minimal decrease from T0 to T3, however, increased significantly at T2. The residents began R1 presenting self-deprecating components, which dissipated over time, with the maintenance of self-inspection and self-burdening as traits. The medical residency program does not appear to be harmful, however, it may be a source of emotional vulnerability, especially during the first year due to the inexperience and the pace and intensity of the medical tasks. (AU)

Identificar y comparar durante el período de residencia en ortopedia la presencia de dificultades emocionales en la formación profesional. MÉTODO: estudio prospectivo compuesto por 13 varones residentes, con una edad media de 26 años. Se utilizó el método Rorschach (SC) se aplicó en el 1.er mes del R1 (T0), en el 12º mes del R1 (T2) y en el 9º mes del R3 (T3). RESULTADOS: elevada cantidad de respuestas MOR en T0, que disminuyó notablemente a lo largo del tiempo (T3). Acerca de las variables FD S, ambas presentaron disminución mínima de T0 a T3, aunque se incrementaron significativamente en T2. Los residentes comienzan el R1 presentando componentes autodestructivos que se disipan con el tiempo y mantienen las características de autoexigencia y autoinspección. CONCLUSIÓN: La residencia médica no se presenta perjudicial, sin embargo, se puede potencializar la fuente de vulnerabilidades emocionales, especialmente durante el primer año por inexperiencia, ritmo e intensidad de la tarea médica. (AU)

Estudo de evidências de validade discriminante para o Desenho da Família Cinética / Study of evidence of discriminant validity for the Kinetic Family Drawing Test / Estudio de evidencias de validez discriminante para el Dibujo de la Familia Kinética

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal investigar evidências de validade discriminante para o Desenho da Família Cinética. Pretendeu também analisar a influência de variáveis sociodemográficas, bem como a frequência e capacidade de discriminação de cada item de análise dessa técnica projetiva. Participaram 112 crianças de 9 a 12 anos pertencentes a dois grupos critério, sendo 80 da amostra normativa e 32 da amostra clínica (com problemas de aprendizagem). Os instrumentos utilizados foram o Desenho da Família Cinética, sua folha de correção e as Matrizes Progressivas e Coloridas de Raven. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais com o auxílio do software SPSS. Os principais resultados mostraram que a variável sociodemográfica Idade gerou efeito nos resultados obtidos; houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos-critério, corroborando para as evidências de validade discriminante; e apenas 38,46% dos itens de análise obtiveram diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos critério. (AU)

This study aimed to investigate evidence of discriminant validity for the Kinetic Family Drawing test. It also intended to analyze the influence of sociodemographic variables, to evaluate the frequency and discriminatory capacity of each analysis item of this projective technique. Participants were 112 children from 9 to 12 years of age, belonging to two criterion groups, 80 from the normative sample and 32 from the clinical sample (with learning problems). The instruments used were the Kinetic Family Drawing test, its correction sheet and Raven's Progressive and Colored Matrices. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics using the SPSS software. The main results showed that the sociodemographic variable age influenced the results obtained; there was a statistically significant difference between the criterion groups, corroborating the evidence of discriminant validity; while only 38.46% of the analysis items obtained statistically significant difference between the criterion groups. (AU)

Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo principal investigar las evidencias de validez discriminatorias para el Dibujo de la Familia Kinética. También se pretendía analizar la influencia de las variables sociodemográficas, así como evaluar la frecuencia y la capacidad discriminatoria de cada ítem de análisis de esta técnica proyectiva. Participaron un total de 112 niños de 9 a 12 años, pertenecientes a dos grupos de criterios, 80 de la muestra normativa y 32 de la muestra clínica (con problemas de aprendizaje). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Dibujo de la Familia Kinética, su hoja de corrección y las Matrices Progresivas Coloreadas de Raven. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva e inferencial con la ayuda del software SPSS. Los principales resultados mostraron que la variable sociodemográfica edad tuvo un efecto sobre los resultados obtenidos; hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre los grupos de criterios, corroborando la evidencia de validez discriminante; y solo el 38.46% de los ítems de análisis obtuvieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos de criterios. (AU)

Estudo de correlações entre indicadores cognitivos do Teste de Pfister e do Zulliger-SC / Study of correlations between cognitive indicators of the Pfister Test and the Zulliger-SC / Estudio de correlaciones entre indicadores cognitivos de la Test de Pfister y el Zulliger-SC

Os testes das Pirâmides Coloridas de Pfister (TPC) e do Zulliger pelo Sistema Compreensivo (ZSC) se propõem a avaliar aspectos da personalidade. Objetivou-se buscar evidências de validade convergente para o TPC por meio de correlação com o ZSC entre seus indicadores de funcionamento cognitivo. Contou-se com os protocolos do ZSC e TPC de 172 crianças de Fortaleza com idade entre 6 e 11 anos e 6 meses (M = 8,64; DP = 1,434). Realizaram-se análises de estatística descritiva e correlação de Pearson pelo SPSS. Constataram-se 34 correlações significativas (p < 0,05), que foram discutidas a partir, principalmente, dos manuais dos testes. Ainda que essas correlações tenham sido fracas, as interpretações dos indicadores sugerem que o Pfister e o Zulliger podem ser usados de maneira complementar na avaliação da personalidade. (AU)

The Pfister Colored Pyramids Test (CPT) and the Zulliger test in the Comprehensive System (ZSC) are projective methods that aim to evaluate aspects of the personality. The aim was to seek evidence of convergent validity for the CPT through correlation with the ZSC, specifically regarding their indicators of cognitive functioning. Accordingly, 172 children from Fortaleza (CE), aged between 6 and 11 years and 6 months (M=8.64, SD=1.434) participated. The Raven Colored Progressive Matrices - Special Scale, the ZSC and the CPT were used. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation analyses were performed using the SPSS software. The results presented 34 significant correlations (p<.05), which were mainly discussed in the test manuals. Although these correlations were weak, the interpretations of the indicators suggest that the Pfister and Zulliger tests can be used in a complementary way in the evaluation of the personality. (AU)

Los tests de las Pirámides de Colores de Pfister (TPC) y el Zulliger por el Sistema de Comprehensivo (ZSC) son métodos proyectivos que se proponen a evaluar aspectos de la personalidad. Por lo tanto, el objetivo es buscar evidencias de validez convergentes para TPC a través de correlación con el ZSC, específicamente, aquellos relacionados con el funcionamiento cognitivo. Se utilizaron los protocolos ZSC y TPC de 172 niños de Fortaleza (Ceará) con edades comprendidas entre 6 y 11 años y 6 meses (M=8.64, DS=1.434). Las Matrices Progresivas Coloreadas de Raven - Escala Especial, el ZSC y el TPC fueron utilizados. Se realizaron estadísticas descriptivas y análisis de correlación de Pearson utilizando el software SPSS. Los resultados presentaron 34 correlaciones significativas (p<0.05), que se discutieron principalmente con base a los manuales. Aunque estas correlaciones han sido débiles, las interpretaciones de los indicadores sugieren que Pfister y Zulliger pueden utilizarse de forma complementaria en la evaluación de la personalidad. (AU)